Tool



- Oct. 21. 1924. 1,512,176

A. 'T.' JOHNSON v TOOL Filed Dec. 1'7. 1923 Ins emer- Hfgmi Z'Jahmwa H15 fifivrney I Patented Get. 23, 1224-.

narrate stares ALGO'I' '1. JOHNSON, OF JAMESTOVIN, NEW YORK.

TOOL.

Application filed. December 17, 1923.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, ALGOT' T. JOHNSON, a

' citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Jamestown, in the county of Chautauqua and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tools, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in tools, and more particularly to a tool adapted to be used either in the ordinary way or operated by a ratchet mechanism.

The primary object of this invention is to provide a tool of this type adapted to be used either in the ordinary way or operated by means of a ratchet, the moving parts being held rigidly in position when used in the first manner by the means employed in operating it in the second manner. 7

A further object of this invention is the provision in such a tool of a reversible pawl which can be employed for actuating the tool in either direction or for locking the tool against relative rotation.

'Other objects will appear from a consideration of the following specification taken in connection with the drawings, which form a part thereof, and in which- Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a tool embodying this invention when adapted to be used in the ordinary way;

Fig. 2 is a similar view partly in section. of the tool when adapted to be operated by ratchet mechanism;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the parts in a ratchet operating position, partly broken away to illustrate the engagement of the reversible pawl with the socket piece;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 3 showing the pawl in the opposite position;

Fig. 5 is view similar to Fig. 4, showing the pawl raised as it travels from one socket to another;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the socket piece illustrating the arrangement of the pawl receiving sockets; and

Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are views partially in section illustrating the three positions which may be assumed by the pawl.

Referring to the drawings, the reference,

numeral 10 is employed to designate a screw driver embodying this invention and comprising a handle 11, a sooketed tip 12 rigid- 1y secured to the handle by a rod 13 and an Serial No. 681,282.

intermediate collar 14 adapted, under certain conditions as will be described later, to be rotated between said handle and tip. In-the member 12 is provided a socket 15 of the well known type here shown holding a screw driver blade 16. The particular blade shown was arbitrarily selected for the purpose of illustration, and it will be understood that any type of blade may be used as desired.

The collar 14 is rotatably mounted on a' boss 17 projecting from the upper face of the tip 12 and internally threaded to receive the rod 13. The upper end of the boss 17, which projects above the collar, is preferably squared to receive a flanged disk 18 and hold it against rotation. Then the parts are assembled, the disk 18 is received in a recess 19 of the handle. The flange 20 of the disk is providedwith serrations 21,'which enter the wood of the handle and prevent any turning of the handle relative to the tip 22 is slotted, as at 24, in order to facilitate tightening and loosening.

In the side walls of the handle 11 are formed a plurality of equally spaced vertical slots 25. Six of these slots are shown, but it is obvious that the number might be varied, if desired. In the collar 14 is formed a vertical pocket 26 which forms a continuation of any one of the slots 25 with which it is brought into alinement. Pivotally mount.- ed in the pocket 26 is an arm or lever 27 held in place by a pin 28. In the bottom of the pocket 26 is formed a recess 29 for a plug 30 normally held by a spring 31 in engagement with the inner end of the lever 27. The lever 27 swung upon the pin 28 lies in the slot 25 in alineinent with the pocket 26 and is yieldingly held in that position by-the engagement of the plug 30 with the bottom of the lever. When the parts assume this position, as shown for example in Fig. 1, the collar 14 is held against any rotation relative to the handle 11 and since the handle 11 and tip 12 are rigidly joined, the collar is positively held in position. From the pocket 26 extends a passage 32, into the hollow center of the collar 14, into which passage 32, the end of the lever 27 projects so that it strikes against the shoulder 35 when the lever is used for a purpose which will be pointed out later.

vided a plurality of equally spaced sockets 39, as shown in Fig. 6. The sockets 39 may be as. shown the same in number asthe pockets 25 in the handle 11 and are the same distance from thecenter of, the box as is the cavity 34.

recesses39. is below the-cavity. I

Thelower endjof thepawl 85 is inclined as shown. particularly 1n Figs. 7, 8 and 9.

By-meansof the handle 38 thispawl can be,

turned into various positions to permit the ratchet of the tool in clockwise or anticlockwise position. or toprevent such use. In Fig. 7, the pawl isshown turned into the position for a clockwise or right hand movementof the tool,.while in Fig. 9 thepawl is reversed for aleft hand or anti-clockwise movement. lVhenthe pawl is placed in the position shown. in Fig. 8, it prevents any relative movement betweenthe collar 1% and the tip'12,

As will be obvious from. the above statement, this tool may be used in any oft four different cases, viz; with the parts in the position shown in Fig. 1, the pawl 35 beingv preferably in the position shown in Fig. 8

the tool canbe used; in the. ordinary. way.-

lVith the lever in the position shown in Fig. 3 andthe pawl as shown in Fig. 7, the tool can be used foraclockwise or right hand movement. VVitlrthe leveras in- Fig; 3 and the pawl as inFig, 9,.the toolcan be: used fora left handor anti-clockwise movement. In these last two positions pressuremay be exerted upon the handle-to hold the bladein engagement and the. latter: turned by means ofthe lever 27.

Under certain circumstances, however, 1b

is desired to hold the tool firmly-in positionand actuatethe same by turning the-handle;

hen this is to be-donethe pawl 35 is'placed Consequently thelower end of the pawl 35 willenter whichever'one ot-the in the proper position and pressure applied to the lever 27, the end of which will strike against the shoulder 33 and hold the tool to the work. This is particularly desirable when workingwith small screws, an operation which, with the ordinary screw driver, requires the manual holding of the blade in contact with the work.

lVhile, as pointed out above, the pawl is usually in the position shown in Fig. 8, when the lever 27 is in one of the slots 25, it is obvious that conditions might arise under which the tool has beenused as a ratchet to drive in one direction, and it is desired to use it to back off the tool in-the ordinary way without shifting the pawl 35, so mounted.

Accordingly the relation of thesockets 39 to slots 25 is arranged, as pointedout above, so that when the pawl 35 is in one of. the sockets,.the lever 27 can beiswung into one of the slots 25 and thecoll'ar 14. held against, movement.

While one embodiment of this. invention hasbeen shown and described, Lamnot: to be limited thereto since others may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forthin the following claims.

Having thus set forth my invention what I claim as new and for which I desire-the protection of Letters Patent, is:

A. tool of theclassy described comprising a handle, a tip having a socket for receiving the shank of ablade, means rigidly. joining said handle and tip, a' collar intermediate said handle and tip and mounted'upon said joining means for rotation relative to said handle and tip, a vertical pocket in said collar, a passage leading from said pocket to the center of said collar, a lever pivotally mounted in said pocket the inner end thereof entering said passage when said: lever is swung outwardly from said pocket, said lever, adapted to be usedin such position to hold the tool in contact with thework the inner end of said lever bearing. against the top of said passage to steady the tool, the blade thereof beingactuated' by said handle independently of said collar.

In testimony whereof I have aliixed my signature.

ALGOT T. J OHNSUN 

